![]() In bridge whist, after the cards were dealt, the dealer could make the declaration (name any suit as trump, or decide to play without any trump), or he could transfer this duty to his partner. The principal innovations of bridge whist were: selection of the trump suit by the dealer or the dealer’s partner after they saw their hands the option of playing at no trump the exposed dummy (the hand of dealer’s partner), which was played by the dealer a different method of scoring and the right to double (the scoring values). But in whist there is always a trump suit, determined by turning up the last card dealt to the dealer, and each player holds and plays his own hand. In bridge, as in whist, there are four players in two partnerships, each player being dealt 13 cards. Auction bridge had at least 15 million adherents when it was supplanted by contract bridge about 1930 and began to die out. Bridge whist was itself supplanted with almost equal rapidity by auction bridge, which was introduced in England about 1904 and which became, from 1907 to 1928, the most universally popular card game theretofore known. Upon its introduction to New York in 1893 and to London in 1894, it almost immediately supplanted whist in the card rooms of men’s clubs, and before 1900 it was the favourite diversion of fashionable mixed gatherings. The first game of the series was originally called, simply, bridge, but it is now called bridge whist to distinguish it from the two later games. In addition to being a venue for casual play, some Internet sites host tournaments recognized by ACBL and WBF at which participants can earn international master points. The arrival of personal computers and the Internet opened up new opportunities for instruction and play. Its largest affiliated member is the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) with nearly 160,000 members. In addition to millions of casual players worldwide, there exist numerous national federations affiliated with the World Bridge Federation (WBF), which organizes international tournaments for more-serious competitors. The third game of the series, contract bridge, spread throughout the world and in some respects constituted a social phenomenon unparalleled in the history of games. Since about 1896 bridge whist, auction bridge, and contract bridge have successively been the principal intellectual card games of the English-speaking countries. Another feature is that one suit may be designated the trump suit (i.e., any card in that suit may take any card of the other suits), but the methods of designating the trump suit (or of determining that a deal will be played without trumps) differ in the various bridge games, as explained below. The essential features of all bridge games, as of whist, are that four persons play, two against two as partners a standard 52-card deck of playing cards is dealt out one at a time, clockwise around the table, so that each player holds 13 cards and the object of play is to win tricks, each trick consisting of one card played by each player. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!īridge, card game derived from whist, through the earlier variants bridge whist and auction bridge.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. ![]()
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